OPV used to be recommended in the United States. The polio shot (IPV) has been used since 2000 in the United States. The risk of a polio shot causing serious harm or death is extremely small. There is a very small risk of more severe side effects and allergic reactions (hives, difficulty in breathing, shock) but they are very rare. A few people who get IPV get mild soreness where the shot was given. However, as with any medicine, vaccines can cause side effects in some people. Oral polio vaccine (OPV), which is contained in drops that are swallowed, is no longer distributed in the US. Healthcare workers treating patients who could have polioĬurrently only inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is a shot, is available in the United States.Laboratory workers who might handle poliovirus.People traveling to areas of the world where polio is occuring.But three groups of adults are at higher risk and should consider polio vaccination: Most adults do not need polio vaccine because they were already vaccinated as children. State regulations require children attending childcare/preschool, and those in kindergarten through grade 12 to be vaccinated against polio. Protect your children by having them vaccinated when they are 2 months, 4 months and 6 - 18 months old, and again when they are about to enter kindergarten. Symptoms usually start about one to three weeks after a person is exposed. People with polio may spread the disease from about 1 week before their symptoms start until about 6 weeks after. People who have not been immunized can get polio disease by eating food or drinking liquids containing the virus. Food and liquids can be contaminated this way. People can also spread the virus by touch if they do not wash their hands after coughing or using the toilet. The virus that causes polio is spread from the throat and through stool (feces). When that happens, no one will ever get polio again, and we will not need polio vaccine. Polio vaccine is helping to rid the world of polio. Before polio vaccines were developed, thousands of people a year in the United States were paralyzed and killed by the disease. So, although there hasn’t been a case of polio caused by naturally occurring virus in the United States since 1979, there is still a risk of the virus coming into this country. Polio is still common in some parts of the world. Polio may not cause serious illness in most people, but sometimes it can kill people who get it, usually by paralyzing the muscles that help in breathing. Fewer than 1% of polio cases result in permanent paralysis of the limbs (usually the legs). About 4 – 8% of those infected will have minor symptoms such as fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, flu-like symptoms, stiffness in the neck and back, and pain in the limbs, which often resolve completely. Approximately 95% of people infected with polio will have no symptoms. Polio (short for “poliomyelitis”) is a very contagious disease caused by a virus.
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